Cardiovascular disease (CVD) refers to conditions affecting the heart and blood vessels. It is the 1 cause of death globally, responsible for over 17 million deaths per year. Major types of CVD include:
Atherosclerosis is the underlying cause of many CVDs. This involves buildup of fatty deposits called plaques inside arteries over many years. Eventually, these plaques can rupture, leading to clot formation and blockage. This blocks oxygen supply to the heart or brain, causing heart attacks and strokes.
Risk factors for CVD include smoking, obesity, diabetes, high cholesterol, family history and age. Making healthy lifestyle changes can dramatically lower your risk:
If lifestyle changes aren't enough, medications may be needed to control risk factors like high blood pressure and high cholesterol. Procedures like stenting and bypass surgery can also help restore blood flow in blocked arteries.
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Early detection is key, so get regular screenings with your doctor. Know the warning signs of heart attack and stroke and call emergency services if they occur. With a healthy lifestyle and proper medical care, CVD can often be prevented or managed effectively.
This overview covers the key aspects of this common but serious disease group. Let me know if you have any other questions!